本文共 5120 字,大约阅读时间需要 17 分钟。
server端:主机名s170
client端:主机名s156
目录:/opt/test
用户:root
目标:配置rsync使得client端可以把server的/opt/test目录中的文件同步(备份)过来。
server端和client端:
[root@s156 ~]# yum list rsync
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.ustc.edu.cn * extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn Installed Packages rsync.i386 3.0.6-4.el5_7.1 installed [root@s156 ~]#
如果没有安装,则使用下面的命令安装
yum install -y rsync
server端:
[root@s170 mysql]# chkconfig rsync --list
rsync 关闭 [root@s170 mysql]# chkconfig rsync on [root@s170 mysql]# chkconfig rsync --list rsync 启用 [root@s170 mysql]#
server端:
检查server端的.ssh目录
[root@s170 ~]# cd .ssh/
[root@s170 .ssh]# ls -a . .. known_hosts
此步的目的是为了后面确认~/.ssh目录中文件的变化。
client端:
[root@s156 ~]# ssh-keygen -d
Generating public/private dsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_dsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 0b:9d:3e:64:77:17:6a:d8:60:1e:ab:47:42:d1:8e:51 root@s156 [root@s156 ~]#
其中,/root/.ssh/id_dsa 是私钥,/root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub 是公钥。
现在,将公钥复制到server端。
[root@s156 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@s170
21 ssh: connect to host s170 port 22: Connection refused由于s170机器的ssh服务端口已修改,使用默认的22端口访问失败。 注意:下面的命令行中指定端口的方法。
[root@s156 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub "-p 21702 root@s170" 21 root@s170's password: Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh '-p 21702 root@s170'", and check in: .ssh/authorized_keys to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting. [root@s156 .ssh]#
server端:
[root@s170 .ssh]# ls -a
. .. authorized_keys known_hosts [root@s170 .ssh]# cat authorized_keys ssh-dss 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 root@s156 [root@s170 .ssh]#
注:非对称加密方式下,公钥是可以公开的,而私钥必须妥善保管!
client端:
测试一下免登录ssh。
[root@s156 .ssh]# ssh -p21702 xxx.170
Last login: Sun May 20 11:14:50 2012 from 180.168.215.167 [root@s170 ~]# [root@s170 ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg backup install.log install.log.syslog setup [root@s170 ~]# exit logout Connection to s170 closed. [root@s156 .ssh]#
创建测试文件
[root@s170 .ssh]# cd /opt/
[root@s170 opt]# mkdir test [root@s170 opt]# cd test [root@s170 test]# ls [root@s170 test]# cat >1.txt hello sync [root@s170 test]# [root@s170 test]# ls -l 总计 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11 05-20 17:10 1.txt
client端:
执行同步
[root@s156 .ssh]# cd /opt/
[root@s156 opt]# mkdir test [root@s156 opt]# cd test [root@s156 test]# ls [root@s156 test]# rsync -avR -e ssh s170:/opt/test / ssh: connect to host s170 port 22: Connection refused rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (0 bytes received so far) [receiver] rsync error: error in rsync protocol data stream (code 12) at io.c(600) [receiver=3.0.6] [root@s156 test]# rsync -avR -e "ssh -p 21702" s170:/opt/test / receiving incremental file list opt/ opt/test/ opt/test/1.txt sent 38 bytes received 142 bytes 360.00 bytes/sec total size is 11 speedup is 0.06 [root@s156 test]# ls -l 总计 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11 05-20 17:10 1.txt
server端:
又在server端创建了3.txt文件。[root@s170 test]# cat >3.txt
ddd ddd [root@s170 test]# [root@s170 test]# ls -l 总计 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11 05-20 17:10 1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 05-20 17:21 3.txt [root@s170 test]#
client端:
注意:这次rsync的参数少了-R,对比一下。
[root@s156 test]# rsync -av -e "ssh -p 21702" s170:/opt/test / receiving incremental file list test/ test/3.txt sent 34 bytes received 132 bytes 332.00 bytes/sec total size is 20 speedup is 0.12 [root@s156 test]# ls -l 总计 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11 05-20 17:10 1.txt怪了,没有3.txt。
[root@s156 test]# updatedb
[root@s156 test]# locate 3.txt
/test/3.txt [root@s156 test]#如果没有-R参数,要像下面这样写。
[root@s156 test]# rsync -av -e "ssh -p 21702" s170:/opt/test /opt
receiving incremental file list test/ test/3.txt sent 34 bytes received 132 bytes 332.00 bytes/sec total size is 20 speedup is 0.12 [root@s156 test]# ls 1.txt 3.txt [root@s156 test]#
使用 crontab 执行同步的最小时间粒度为 1分钟,也就是说最长可能要1分钟才能将新增的文件同步。
如果是主备冗余的方式,这问题也不大。
client端:
crontab -e
* * * * * rsync -avR -e "ssh -p 21702" s170:/opt/test /
现在来测试crontab设置是否有效
server端:
[root@s170 test]# cat >c.txt
hello world [root@s170 test]#
client端:
[root@s156 test]# ls -l
总计 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11 05-20 17:10 1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 05-20 17:21 3.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12 05-20 18:22 c.txt [root@s156 test]#
成功了!
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PS:存在的问题:
使用crontab方式执行rsync,不能实时同步文件。有文章说道,可以采用inotify实现实时通知同步。下次有空再试验一下。